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A method for artificially modifying the weather by seeding rain clouds of a storm with suitable cross-linked aqueous polymer. The polymer is dispersed into the cloud and the wind of the storm agitates the mixture causing the polymer to absorb the rain. This reaction forms a gelatinous substance which precipitate to the surface below. Thus, diminishing the clouds ability to rain.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ALTERING A REGION IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE,
IONOSPHERE, AND/OR MAGNETOSPHERE
It has also been proposed to release large clouds of barium in the magnetosphere so that photoionization will increase the cold plasma density, thereby producing electron precipitation through enhanced whistler-mode interaction....
Weather modification is possible by, for example, altering upper atmosphere wind patterns or altering solar absorption patterns by constructing one or more plumes of atmospheric particles which will act as a lens or focusing device.
THE diffuse bands appearing very strongly in the flame spectra of the alkaline-earth metals have been identified as due to the hydroxide radicals, CaOH, SrOH and BaOH. This identification is based on the work of James and Sugden1 on hydrogen–air flames, employing photometric methods, and on work on isotope shifts with deuterium, which have been obtained for CaOH by Gaydon2 and for SrOH by Huldt and Lagerqvist3. The flame method has now been extended to the strong red and infra-red barium bands.
...Many Alaskans and Yukoners are familiar with the barium releases made aboard rockets launched from the Poker Flat rocket range near Fairbanks. These releases create two types of cloud. One is a neutral green cloud that moves with the wind. The other is a bluish purple cloud that striates like a rayed aurora and moves under the influence of the electric field in the high atmosphere.
In somewhat similar fashion it is possible to slowly spew out lithium metal from a rocket to produce a long, visible red trail. Sunlight shining on the lithium atoms cause them to be excited so that they glow with a red light. Unllke the barium, lithium released in the high atmosphere yields only a neutral gas tracer. The neutral tracer is useful only for measuring the direction and speed of the wind in the high atmosphere at altitudes well above 100 km.
This week scientists from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center are at Poker Flat attempting to fly two rockets that will release both lithium and barium. These releases are high enough to be visible to all persons with clear sky in Alaska, eastern Siberia and northwestern Canada.
The red lithium trails are easy to see and do persist for a long time. Lithium is such a light element that it remains aloft for hours drifting with the wind. Eventually the lithium becomes invisible as it disperses and combines with other elements in the air.
The overall objective of the research using chemical releases at high altitude is to understand how energy is transferred from one level to another in the atmosphere and the near-earth regions of space above. That energy transfer may have some influence upon climate.
Various metal salts can be employed as colorants or coloring agents to generate selected colors for the pyrotechnic compositions. Those skilled in the art recognize that each metal of the periodic table has well known spectra associated with the burning of such metals. Among the metal salts are calcium salts such as calcium chloride for the color red-orange, strontium salts such as strontium nitrate for the color red, barium salts such as barium nitrate for the color green, boron compounds for the color green, sodium salts such as sodium nitrate for the color orange-yellow, copper salts such as copper chloride for the color blue, potassium salts such as potassium chloride for the color purple or violet, and antimony salts such as antimony sulfide for the color white. Combinations of metal salts can yield other desirable colors. For example, a combination of copper sulfide and barium nitrate has given a turquoise or blue-green color, a combination of copper sulfide, barium nitrate and strontium nitrate has given a red-purple color, and a combination of barium nitrate and sodium nitrate has given a yellow color. Other metal salts such as cadmium, uranium, gold, mercury, arsenic and lead may be used to provide other colors if desired.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is a process for absorbing ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere by dispersing melanins, their analogs, or derivatives into the atmosphere. By appropriate choice of melanin composition, size of melanin dispersoids, and their concentration, the melanins will absorb some quantity of ultraviolet radiation and thereby lessen its overall effect on the inhabitants on the Earth's surface who would normally encounter such radiation.
4. Boundary Layer Ozone Sensitivity
Ozone in the troposphere and particularly in the boundary layer play an important role in surface UV budgets. Brühl and Crutzen (1989) indicated the disproportionate role that tropospheric ozone plays in UV-B absorption; more scattering events in the lower atmosphere due to greater molecular and aerosol scattering effectively lengthen the ozone path length in the troposphere, thus making a given quantity of ozone in the troposphere more effective in attenuating UV-B than an equal amount of ozone in the stratosphere.
Abstract:
The South-East Asian region experienced a haze episode in 1994 which was widely believed to be due to widespread forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Indonesia). Broadband measurements of the surface level solar ultraviolet-B, UV-A and Global radiation at Penang (Malaysia) are used to study the effect of the 1994 haze on effective UV-B irradiance. We find that during the haze episode, there is enhanced absorption of surface level UV-B radiation. The effect of haze on UV-A and Global radiation is much less. The reduction in absolute noon time UV-B irradiance (mostly cloud free) during the 1994 haze period was 23% relative to the UV-B irradiance during the corresponding haze-free period in 1995. Even though the noon time radiation data minimizes the cloud effect in the results presented some cloud effect is still present.
Keywords: haze; forest fires; radiation; ultraviolet; ozone

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